Exoprin Supplement Facts

Daily Dosage: As a dietary supplement, take two capsules in the morning and two capsules in the evening with 8 ounces of water. 45-60 days of continuous use is necessary for optimum results.

Exoprin Research:

Vitamin D- This essential nutrient is required for absorption of calcium and musculoskeletal stability. A double-blind controlled trial in women over the age of 45 (peri- and pre-menopausal) who were given vitamin D and calcium showed a positive effect on bone mineral density (1). Researchers recommend that supplementation start early to prevent postmenopausal bone loss. A review of randomized controlled trials showed that supplementation with vitamin D can reduce the incidence of hip fracture, a devastating complication of osteoporosis (2).
 

Calcium- Necessary for bone mineral density (BMD), calcium is one of the most important nutrients in preventing osteoporosis. A Cochrane Review and a meta-analysis of randomized trials in postmenopausal women both indicated that even on its own, calcium can reduce the rate of bone loss and may prevent vertebral fractures (3,4). However, the combination of vitamin D and calcium is a more effective approach to maintaining BMD, even in subjects with good dietary intakes, as vitamin D helps with intestinal absorption of calcium (5). When given in combination with calcitriol, calcium can also reduce the rate of bone loss in renal transplant patients, who are at increased risk of osteoporosis (6). Vitamin D and calcium can decrease bone loss in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, as well.

Vitamin K- Vitamin K facilitates the formation of a bone-building protein and dramatically reduces fracture risk. In postmenopausal women, lower vitamin K status is correlated with reduced BMD. In a double-blind placebo controlled trial involving women between the ages of 50-60, a supplement containing additional vitamin K1 demonstrated a dramatic effect on postmenopausal bone loss (7).

Soy Extract Isoflavones (including genistein, daidzen, and glycitein )- Soy extracts have been shown to improve estrogen related bone loss. A double-blind controlled study of 203 postmenopausal women (who were also taking vitamin D and calcium) showed that soy isoflavones had a significant, independent effect on the maintenance of hip bone mineral content in postmenopausal women with low initial bone mass (8).

Ipriflavone (a semisynthetic isoflavone manufactured in the laboratory from daidzein, a compound derived from soy)- Some studies have shown that like vitamin D ipriflavone can enhance calcium absorption (9). It appears that ipriflavone also directly affecta bone cells, resulting in increased bone construction (10). A clinical trial of ipriflavone in postmenopausal women showed that it could prevent the increase in bone turnover and the decrease in bone density that follow ovarian failure (11). In women with documented osteoporosis, ipriflavone treatment can significantly increase bone mineral density and can rapidly decrease pain and intake of analgesics, along with laboratory measures associated with bone loss (12).

MINERALS: A number of minerals are important in bone growth and structure building.

Magnesium- Animal research has shown that magnesium supplementation can suppress bone resorption (13). Higher intake of magnesium is associated with increased BMD in both older men and women (14).

Zinc- Subclinical zinc deficiency can contribute to bone loss in the elderly (15). Dietary and plasma levels of zinc have been shown to be lower in men with osteoporosis, and BMD was correlated with zinc (16).

Manganese- Lower levels of manganese are more common in osteoporotic patients than subjects with normal BMD (17). Bone loss in older postmenopausal women on calcium supplements can be further halted with the addition of trace minerals including manganese and zinc (18).

Boron- The combination of boron and magnesium has a profound effect on calcium metabolism and boron deprivation can lead to bone loss (19). Supplementation with boron in age related bone loss is indicated when vitamin D, magnesium or potassium is lacking (20).


Exoprin References:

1. Di Daniele N et al. Effect of supplementation of calcium and vitamin D on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in peri- and post-menopause women; a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pharmacol Res 2004 Dec;50(6):637-41.
   
    
2. Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Fracture Prevention With Vitamin D Supplementation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American Medical Association 2005;293(18):2257-2264.
   
    
3. Shea B et al. Calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Rev 2004;(1):CD004526.
   
    
4. Shea B et al. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. VII. Meta-analysis of calcium supplementation for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 2002 Aug;23(4):552-9.
   
    
5. Baeksgaard L, Andersen KP, Hyldstrup L. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation increases spinal BMD in healthy, postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(3):255-60.
   
    
6. Torres A et al. Treatment with intermittent calcitriol and calcium reduces bone loss after renal transplantation. Kidney Int 2004 Feb;65(2):705-12.
   
    
7. Braam LA et al. Vitamin K1 supplementation retards bone loss in postmenopausal women between 50 and 60 years of age. Calcif Tissue Int 2003 Jul;73(1):21-6.
   
    
8. Chen YM et al. Soy isoflavones have a favorable effect on bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women with lower bone mass: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 Oct;88(10):4740-7.
   
    
9. Maki K, Nishida, Kimura M. The effect of oral ipriflavone on the rat mandible during growth. Eur J Orthod 2005 Feb;27(1):27-31.
   
    
10. Cotter AA, Cashman KD. The effect of two dietary and a synthetic phytoestrogen on transepithelial calcium transport in human intestinal-like Caco-2 cells. Eur J Nutr 2005 Mar;44(2):72-8. Epub 2004 Mar 18.
    
     
11. Gambacciani M et al. Effects of combined low dose of the isoflavone derivative ipriflavone and estrogen replacement on bone mineral density and metabolism in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1997 Sep;28(1):75-81.
    
     
12. Maugeri D et al. Ipriflavone-treatment of senile osteoporosis: results of a multicenter, double-blind clinical trial of 2 years. Arch Gerontol Geriatric 1994 Nov-Dec;19(3):253-63.
    
     
13. Katsumata SI et al. Effect of dietary magnesium supplementation on bone loss in rats fed a high phosphorus diet. Magnes Res 2005 Jun;18(2):91-6.
    
     
14. Ryder KM et al. Magnesium intake from food and supplements is associated with bone mineral density in healthy older white subjects. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005 Nov;53(11):1875-80.
    
     
15. Lowe NM et al . Is there a potential therapeutic value of copper and zinc for osteoporosis? Proc Nutr Soc 2002 May;61(2):181-5.
    
     
16. Hyun TH, Barrett-Connor E, Milne DB. Zinc intakes and plasma concentrations in men with osteoporosis: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004 Sep;80(3):715-21.
    
     
17. Okano T. [Effects of essential trace elements on bone turnover--in relation to the osteoporosis] [Effects of essential trace elements on bone turnover--in relation to the osteoporosis] Nippon Rinsho 1996 Jan;54(1):148-54.
    
     
18. Strause L et al. Spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women supplemented with calcium and trace minerals. J Nutr 1994 Jul;124(7):1060-4.
    
     
19. Nielsen FH. Studies on the relationship between boron and magnesium which possibly affects the formation and maintenance of bones. Magnes Trace Elem 1990;9(2):61-9.
    
     
20. Schaafsma A, de Vries PJ, Saris WH. Delay of natural bone loss by higher intakes of specific minerals and vitamins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2001 May;41(4):225-49.