Daily Dosage: As a dietary supplement, take one capsule in the morning with 8 ounces of water. 45-60 days of continuous use is necessary for optimum results.

Progressive 17 Research:

Vitamin C - Low levels of Vitamin C are found in those with Alzheimer's. Vitamin C levels may become depleted due to the extreme free radical damage. Any available supplies of Vitamin C are being used to fight off these free radicals and explains why there is a deficiency. (7)
In a long term study, 23 patients who were at risk for Alzheimer's were given daily dosages of Vitamin C. None of these subjects developed Alzheimer's. (6)

Vitamin E - Free radical damage may contribute to cellular degeneration in Alzheimer's. Vitamin E is a major antioxidant that can neutralize free radicals. In a clinical study, results indicate that Vitamin E may slow down mental and psychological decline. (3, 4) Taking Vitamin E may be helpful for lowering the risk of developing Alzheimer's. (5)

Phosphatidylserine - This is a phopholipid that has been proven to be mildly effective for Alzheimers and Dementia. In one study, patients were given Phosphatidylserine for 60 days and showed improvement in memory and mental ability. These results persisted even after discontinuing use. (1)

Acetyl L-Carnitine HCI - May be helpful in slowing down the degeneration of brain cells. (2)

Gingko Biloba Ext. - Has been shown to neutralize free radicals, keep blood from thickening, improve the strength of blood vessel tissue, help the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the brain. (8) There is also evidence that suggests ginkgo may be helpful with cholinergic neurons (aid in brain functions), which are destroyed by Alzheimer's. (9)

Huperzine A Ext. - Studies suggest this may be helpful for those who are suffering from Alzheimer's and Dementia. (10) Huperzine A has been shown to inhibit an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, just as effectively as some drugs. (11,12 , 13) This may help improve learning and memory.

Vinpocetine - Improves circulation in the brain and helps the brain utilize oxygen more efficiently. Vinpocetine is also an antioxidant that is helpful for neutralizing free radicals. (14, 15,16 ,17, 18,19) In double-blind studies, it has shown to improve memory, learning, and mental performance in those suffering from dementia due to poor circulation. (20, 21,22)

Bacopa Ext. - This herbs active ingredients have been shown to improve nerve impulse transmission (which strengthens memory) and mental function. (23)

References:

1. Lombardi GF. Pharmacological treatment with phosphatidyl serine of 40 ambulatory patients with senile dementia syndrome. Minerva Med. Jun1989;80(6):599-602.

2. Carta A, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine and Alzheimer's disease: pharmacological considerations beyond the cholinergic sphere. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Sep1993;695:324-6.

3. Grundman M. Vitamin E and Alzheimer disease: the basis for additional clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr. Feb2000;71(2 Part 2):630S-636S.

4. Yatim SM, et al. The antioxidant vitamin E modulates amyloid beta-peptide-induced creatine kinase activity inhibition and increased protein oxidation: implications for the free radical hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Res. Mar1999;24(3):427-35.

5. Morris MC, et al. Vitamin E and vitamin C supplement use and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. Sep1998;12(3):121-6.

6. Morris MC, et al. Vitamin E and vitamin C supplement use and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. Sep1998;12(3):121-6.

7. Rivieire S, et al. Low plasma vitamin C in Alzheimer patients despite an adequate diet. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. Nov1998;13(11):749-54.

8. Kleijnen J, et al. Ginkgo biloba. Lancet. 1992;340(8828):1136-39.

9. Ramassamy C, et al. The Ginkgo biloba Extract, EGb761, Increases Synaptosomal Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine: In-vitro and Ex-vivo Studies. J Pharm Pharmacology. 1992;44(11):943-45.

10. Liu MY, et al. Intelligence promoting Chinese materia medica. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih. Jan1995;15(1):59-61.

11. Skolnick AA. Old Chinese herbal medicine used for fever yields possible new alzheimer disease therapy. JAMA. Mar1997;l277(10):776.

12. Cheng DH, et al. Huperzine A, a novel promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Neuroreport. Dec1996;8(1):97-101.

13. Zhang RW, et al. Drug evaluation of huperzine A in the treatment of senile memory disorders. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao. May1991;12

14. Kiss B, et al. Mechanism of action of vinpocetine. Acta Pharm Hung. Sep1996;66(5):213-24.

15. Sitges M, et al. Vinpocetine selectively inhibits neurotransmitter release triggered by sodium channel activation. Neurochem Res. Dec1999;24(12):1585-91.

16. Ishchenko MM, et al. Effect of cavinton and sulfocamphocain on systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with early forms of cerebrovascular diseases. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1987;87(8):1160-4.

17. Tretter L, et al. The neuroprotective drug vinpocetine prevents veratridine-induced [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i rise in synaptosomes. Neuroreport. Jun1998;9(8):1849-53.

18. Rischke R, et al. Protective effect of vinpocetine against brain damage caused by ischemia. Jpn J Pharmacol. Jul1991;56(3):349-56.

19. Santos MS, et al. Synaptosomal response to oxidative stress: effect of vinpocetine. Free Radic Res. Jan2000;32(1):57-66.

20. Balestreri R, Fontana L, Astengo F. A double-blind placebo controlled evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Vinpocetine in the treatment of patients with chronic vascular senile cerebral dysfunction. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987;35:425-430.

21. Hindmarch I, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;6(1):31-43.

22. Nicholson CD. Pharmacology of nootropics and metabolically active compounds in relation to their use in dementia. Psychopharmacology

23. Kidd PM. A Review of Nutrients and Botanicals in the Integrative Management of Cognitive Dysfunction. Altern Med Rev. Jun1999;4(3):144-61.